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How to correctly choose and purchase a machining center

Published Time:

Jul 11,2020

When purchasing a CNC machining center for the first time, many people are unsure how to choose the right one, which type to buy, etc. This article provides tips on selecting a CNC machining center to help you find the perfect one for your needs.


When purchasing CNC machining centers for the first time, we often don't know how to choose, where to start, or what type of machining center to buy. This guide will explain the selection techniques, helping you choose a suitable CNC machining center.
1. Define the workpiece, then select the machining center
Before determining the purchase target, you must first clarify the object to be processed. Generally speaking, parts with the following characteristics are suitable for machining on a machining center.
Multi-process intensive workpieces: This refers to workpieces that require many tools for processing.
Workpieces with complex positioning: For example, multi-hole machining with specific hole distance accuracy requirements, which can be easily implemented using the high positioning accuracy of the machine tool.
Repetitive production workpieces: Suitable for processing single-piece and small-batch production. Small batch refers to 1-100 pieces, with not many pieces per batch, but requiring repeated production. In addition, even if the shape and size of the workpiece are different, but they are similar workpieces, it is easy to realize group technology (GT) process parts.
Parts with complex shapes: Complex shaped workpieces such as molds and aerospace parts can be processed on machining centers using automatic programming technology.
Box-type and plate-type parts: On high-speed machining centers, using a rotary table to perform multi-surface machining on box-type parts, such as spindle boxes, pump bodies, valve bodies, internal combustion engine cylinder bodies, etc. If the top surface also needs to be machined in one clamping, a five-sided machining center can be selected. Small vertical machining centers are suitable for processing box covers, cylinder covers, plane cams, etc. Gantry machining centers are used for processing large box-type and plate-type parts, such as internal combustion engine cylinder bodies, machining center columns, bed bodies, and printing wall machine plates, etc.
2. Selection of machining center specifications
According to the size of the determined workpiece for wire cutting, the size of the machine table and the travel of the three linear coordinate systems are determined accordingly. The table size should ensure that the workpiece can be smoothly clamped on it, and the machining size must be within the range of each coordinate travel. In addition, the tool change space and the interference zones of each coordinate must be considered.
3. Selection of machining center accuracy
Users can select machine tools with the corresponding accuracy level according to the processing accuracy requirements of the workpiece. For mass-produced parts, the actual processing accuracy may be 1.5-2 times the positioning accuracy. Ordinary machine tools can process grade 8 accuracy workpieces in batches, and precision machine tools can achieve grade 5-6 accuracy, but they require process conditions such as constant temperature, so precision machine tools are strictly used and expensive.
4. Selection of CNC machining center tool magazine capacity
CNC machining center manufacturers usually set 2-3 different capacity tool magazines for the same specification of machine tools. For example, the tool magazine capacity of horizontal machining centers is 30, 60, 80, etc., and the vertical machining centers have tool magazines with capacities of 16, 24, and 32.
When selecting, users can determine the required number based on the process analysis results of the workpiece being processed. Usually, the capacity of the tool magazine is determined by the number of tools required for one workpiece in one clamping, because when changing to another workpiece for processing, the tools need to be rearranged, otherwise the tool management will be complex and prone to errors.
From statistical data, it is advisable to use a tool magazine with about 20 tools for vertical machining centers and about 40 tools for horizontal machining centers. Of course, the final decision should be based on actual needs. For machining centers used in flexible manufacturing cells (FMC) or flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), large-capacity tool magazines should be selected, and even exchangeable tool magazines can be configured.
5. Selection of CNC machining center functions and accessories
When selecting a CNC machining center, in addition to the basic functions and components, there are also functions and accessories that users can select according to their own requirements, which are called optional functions and optional accessories. With the development of CNC technology, there are more and more options, and the proportion of their cost in the host is also increasing. Therefore, it is uneconomical to select a large number of accessories without a clear purpose. The guiding ideology of "being prepared" is essentially a waste. Therefore, when ordering, a comprehensive analysis should be carried out, and long-term factors should be considered appropriately.
The selection of functions is mainly for the CNC system. For functions that do not increase the price much but bring many conveniences to the use, appropriate and complete configuration should be considered. For accessories that can be shared by multiple machine tools, one machine can be used for multiple purposes, but the interface must be considered to be universal.

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