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What is the difference between 4-axis and 5-axis in machining centers?

Published Time:

Nov 06,2018

The Nobot non-metallic five-axis machining center (five-axis machine) adopts an advanced gantry-type dual-worktable mobile structure, with perfect milling technical characteristics. During processing, the five-axis drive axes move the tool around the workpiece, achieving five-axis linkage and three-dimensional operation. Main applications include thick-sheet thermoforming, automotive parts, sanitary ware, crafts, and white goods. Main processing materials include wood, plastic, foam, resin, gypsum, and non-metallic carbonized composite materials.

Machining centers evolved from CNC milling machines. The biggest difference from CNC milling machines is that machining centers have the ability to automatically exchange machining tools. By installing tools for different purposes on the tool magazine, the machining tools on the spindle can be changed through an automatic tool changer in a single clamping, realizing multiple machining functions. Four-axis linkage and five-axis linkage generally refer to machining centers, the number of axes controlled by the linkage control system of CNC milling machines or engraving machines. So what is the difference between four-axis and five-axis? Let Xiaonuo introduce it below.
 
Four-axis linkage first requires four controllable axes, and the four axes can perform simultaneous interpolation motion control, that is, the four axes can achieve simultaneous linkage control. The motion speed during this simultaneous linkage is the synthesized speed, not the respective motion control. It is the simultaneous movement of a point in space through four axes to another point in space. The movement starts simultaneously from the starting point and stops simultaneously at the end point. The movement speed of each axis in the middle is obtained by the internal synthesis of the speeds of each axis through the motion interpolation algorithm of the controller according to the programming speed. For a four-axis machining center, it is the X, Y, and Z axes plus a rotary axis A (it can also be the B axis or C axis. The definitions of A, B, and C axes are axes that rotate around the X, Y, and Z axes respectively. Generally, this fourth axis is the A axis whose axis rotates around the X axis or the B axis whose axis rotates around the Y axis. This depends on the actual installation position of the fourth axis on the machine tool), and this fourth axis can not only move independently but also can be linked simultaneously with one or two other axes or these four axes. Some machine tools have four axes, but they can only move independently, only as indexing axes. That is, after rotating to a certain angle, the axis is stopped and locked and does not participate in cutting processing, only indexing. This can only be called four-axis three-linkage. Similarly, the total number of axes of a four-axis linkage machine tool can be more than 4 axes. It can have five axes or more, but its maximum number of linkage axes is four axes.
Five-axis machining refers to machining on a machine tool with at least five coordinate axes (three linear coordinates and two rotary coordinates), and the axes can move coordinately under the control of a computer numerical control (CNC) system. Linkage is when the axes of a CNC machine tool simultaneously reach a certain set point at a certain speed. Five-axis linkage means that all five axes can move simultaneously. A five-axis linkage CNC machine tool is a machine tool with high technological content and high precision, specially used for processing complex curved surfaces. This machine tool system has a pivotal influence on a country's aerospace, military, scientific research, precision instruments, high-precision medical equipment, and other industries.
Nobot non-metallic five-axis machining center (five-axis machine) adopts an advanced gantry-type dual-worktable mobile structure, with perfect milling technical characteristics. During processing, five axial drives move the tool axially, processing around the workpiece, realizing five-axis linkage three-dimensional operation. Main applications include thick-sheet thermoforming, automobiles, sanitary ware, crafts, and white appliances. The main processing materials include wood, plastics, foam, resin, gypsum, and non-metallic carbonized composite materials.
 

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