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Common faults and troubleshooting methods of five-axis CNC machining center tool magazine and tool magazine maintenance points
Published Time:
Aug 23,2023
A large five-axis machining center can perform milling, drilling, reaming, boring, tapping, and threading operations, using completely different tools for each. This requires the five-axis machine tool to have a tool magazine, which can be controlled by a computer program to change tools to meet different processing needs. However, the quality of the tool magazine directly affects the efficiency and processing capacity of the machining center. The CNC machining center tool magazine has a complex structure and frequent movement during operation, which can lead to common malfunctions. Therefore, when a malfunction is detected in the machining center tool magazine, inspection and repair should be carried out to prevent the entire machine from stopping work.
A large five-axis machining center can perform milling, drilling, reaming, boring, tapping, and threading operations, and the tools used are completely different. This requires the five-axis machine tool to have a tool magazine, and when completing different processing requirements, it can complete different processing requirements through computer program control to complete tool changes. However, the quality of the tool magazine directly affects the working efficiency and processing capacity of the machining center. The CNC machining center tool magazine structure is relatively complex, and it frequently moves during work, and some common faults may occur. Therefore, when a fault is found in the machining center tool magazine, it should be checked and repaired, otherwise it will cause the entire machine to stop working. Below, Xiaonuo will talk to you about common faults and processing methods of machining center tool magazines and tool magazine maintenance points:
I. The main faults of the CNC machining center tool magazine are: the tool magazine cannot rotate or cannot rotate in place, the tool falls off during tool changing, the tool cannot be tightened and falls off, and the tool magazine jams.
1. The tool magazine cannot rotate or rotate in place. The reasons why the tool magazine cannot rotate may be: ① The coupling connecting the motor shaft and the worm shaft is loose; ② The frequency converter is faulty, and the input and output voltages of the frequency converter should be checked whether they are normal; ③ The PLC has no control output, which may be due to the failure of the relay in the interface board; ④ The mechanical connection is too tight; ⑤ The grid voltage is too low;
2. The tool falls off during tool exchange: When the tool is changed, if the spindle box does not return to the tool change point or the tool change point drifts, and the robot arm starts to pull the tool before it is in place, it will cause the tool to fall off during tool change. At this time, the spindle box should be moved again to return to the tool change point position, and the tool change point should be reset;
3. The tool cannot be clamped tightly and falls off: The reason may be that the clamping claw spring pressure is too small; or the nut behind the spring is loose; or the tool is overweight; or the robot arm clamping lock does not work, etc.
4. Reasons for tool jamming in the tool magazine: The spindle orientation angle is incorrect. The orientation angle running generally is also mostly caused by impact, or the synchronous toothed belt of the spindle has a problem, causing the orientation angle to have an error. Inaccurate orientation will also cause tool magazine tool change abnormalities and other problems; the tool change origin position is abnormal. If a vertical machining center has experienced a collision accident due to misoperation, etc., it is most likely to cause the tool change origin to be incorrect, which is manifested as abnormal noise when the tool arm pulls and installs the tool during tool change, and even causes tool jamming. Over time, the tool arm will also be damaged.
II. Maintenance points of CNC machining center tool magazine
1. It is strictly forbidden to put overweight and oversized tools into the tool magazine to prevent the tools from falling off or colliding with workpieces, fixtures, etc. during robot arm tool changing.
2. For sequential tool selection methods, attention must be paid to the correct order of tools placed in the tool magazine. For other tool selection methods, attention must also be paid to whether the changed tool is consistent with the required tool to prevent accidents caused by incorrect tool changes.
3. When manually loading tools onto the tool magazine, ensure that they are in place and securely fastened, and check whether the locking device on the tool holder is reliable.
4. Frequently check whether the homing position of the tool magazine is correct, and check whether the machine tool spindle returns to the tool change point position. If problems are found, adjust them in time, otherwise the tool change action cannot be completed.
5. Pay attention to keeping the tool shank and tool sleeve clean.
6. When starting the machine, the tool magazine and robot arm should be allowed to run empty first to check whether each part is working normally, especially whether the limit switches and solenoid valves can operate normally. Check whether the pressure of the robot arm hydraulic system is normal, and whether the tool is reliably locked on the robot arm. If any abnormality is found, it should be dealt with in time.
The above is the content shared by Xiaonuo today, hoping it will be helpful to everyone! If you have any needs for machining center procurement, please feel free to contact us. We provide one-stop service from installation, commissioning, training, and delivery to ensure the safe, stable, and efficient operation of your equipment!
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How to use a five-axis machining center efficiently? Today, let's learn a few practical steps!
When using a five-axis machining center, the equipment must first be adjusted to ensure that the workpiece and fixture dimensions precisely match, and that the zero points of each axis are accurately adjusted.
Why do composite materials require 5-axis CNC machining?
Composite materials are widely used in various fields such as aerospace, automotive, construction, energy, energy storage, infrastructure, marine, pipelines and tanks, sports and entertainment, and transportation due to their light weight, high fatigue resistance, and strong fracture resistance. Among them, aerospace and automotive industries are the largest application markets for composite materials. Five-axis CNC plays an important role in the processing of composite materials. Why do composite materials need to be processed using five-axis CNC?
Dual-station five-axis machines offer several significant advantages. First, while one station is being machined, the other can be used for material loading and unloading, ensuring continuous, non-stop machining and significantly improving production efficiency. Second, the dual-station design makes operation more convenient and reduces waiting time. However, dual-station five-axis machines typically cost more than single-station machines and may require more operating and maintenance space.
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